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Stampa Stampa
30

AMBIENTE, CENTRO ARSAC DI SERRA IMPEGNATO NEL CONTROLLO DEL CINIPIDE DEL CASTAGNO


Indagini hanno evidenziato che la popolazione del  Cinipide è in fase di regressione,  in ragione del marcato  livello di parassitizzazione operato dal Torymus, il suo antagonista naturale

di REDAZIONE 

SERRA SAN BRUNO (VV) – 10 LUGLIO 2019 –  Nei giorni scorsi, il personale del Centro ARSAC di Serra San Bruno è stato impegnato in una serie di sopralluoghi in vari siti castanicoli  del comprensorio, allo scopo di verificare  il grado di contenimento raggiunto nei confronti del dannoso parassita,comunemente conosciuto come“Cinipide galligeno” (nome scientif. Dryocosmuskuriphilus).

Questo  minuscolo insetto che, nella forma adulta, si presenta come una piccola vespa,  allo stato larvale determina la comparsa di vistose galle sui germogli e sulle foglie, provocando uno sviluppo stentato della vegetazione ed un calo, spesso considerevole, della produzione di castagne.Attualmente, l’unica forma di “lotta” valida nei confronti del Cinipide è rappresentata dall’ immissione nei castaneti  di un altropiccolissimo insetto che si nutre delle larve del Cinipide stesso, il Torymussinensis.

In particolare, nel comprensorio delle Serre  i primi “lanci” dell’antagonista sono stati effettuati nella tarda primavera del 2012.

Negli ultimi anni, le immissioni dell’insetto utile al controllo del “Cinipide” sono state realizzate in collaborazione con l’Ente Parco regionale delle Serre, nell’ambito di una “convenzione” tra queste due istituzioni, che prevede vari tipi di interventi nei comparti agro-forestale ed ambientale. In tale contesto, oltre a siti castanicoli di proprietà “privata”, sono stati, poi, monitorati diversi siti di proprietà “pubblica” ed, in particolare, sotto la gestione dell’Ente Parco.

Durante i recenti rilievi, il controllo delle galle presenti sulla nuova vegetazione  ha  evidenziato  che la popolazione del  Cinipide è in fase di regressione,  in ragione del marcato  livello di parassitizzazioneoperato dal Torymus.

  Nei  siti castanicoli controllati, si è rilevato che, in questo periodo, il parassitoide  utile  è presente allo stadio di larva all’interno delle galle, a dimostrazione del  fatto che,  a  distanza di 7 anni dai primi “lanci”,  anche in questo comprensorio, il Torymussta svolgendo  una una efficace azionedi contenimento  del Dryocosmuskuriphilus.

 Ad oggi,  non sembrerebbe più necessario ricorrere a nuove immissioni dell’insetto utile,in considerazione dei livelli di parassitizzazioneriscontrati sui campioni esaminati.  

E’ opportuno, però, che le” galle” (con le quali, ormai, è necessario convivere) non vengano asportate, in quanto rappresentano una componente fondamentaleper il mantenimento e la diffusione del parassitoide nel castaneto.  

E’ bene ricordare che questa forma di “controllo biologico”  non può determinare la completa  eliminazione del “Cinipide”,  in quanto biologicamente impossibile  per le “leggi” che regolano il rapporto tra preda e predatore obbligato (cioè che vive, si nutre, esclusivamente di quel tipo di preda). 

Pertanto,  nei prossimi anni, sarà possibile osservare delle “fluttuazioni” nelle popolazioni del fitofago e del suo parassitoide,  da attribuire al normale divenire dei “sistemi biologici”, che prevedono tale tipo di andamenti.

Oltre a ciò, va evidenziato il fatto che, dopo un decennio di continue infestazioni,  i castaneti, nel loro complesso, sono generalmente in una condizione di stress che li rende, comunque,  più suscettibili nei confronti di altre categorie di “patogeni”.

Quindi, risultanecessario ripensare ad una corretta e costante gestione colturale di questi importanti “presidi” che, oltre alla funzione produttiva, svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nel contesto sociale ed ecologico del nostro territorio.

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