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Stampa Stampa
78

CARDINALE (CZ) – E’ “GUERRA” AL CINIPIDE DEL CASTAGNO


Cardinale, uno scorcio del paese

Amministrazione comunale pronta al contrasto del pericoloso parassita con i lanci del suo antagonista naturale

di Fra. PO.

CARDINALE (CZ) – 5 DICEMBRE 2017 –  Come recita una nota dell’amministrazione comunale, guidata dal sindaco Giuseppe Marra, «in collaborazione con il Parco Naturale Regionale delle Serre, il Comune di Cardinale continua nelle iniziative rivolte all’ambiente.

Infatti, dopo gli interventi sul risparmio energetico (pannelli fotovoltaici per 54+18=72 Kw), l’efficientamento energetico della pubblica illuminazione, la raccolta differenziata porta a porta, con il risultato del 76% per l’anno 2016, arriva la lotto biologica al cinipide del castagno attraverso i lanci del Torymus sinesi».

Il cinipide galligeno del castagno, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, è un piccolo imenottero considerato uno degli insetti più dannosi per il castagno.

Molto diffuso in Asia e negli Stati Uniti, ha invaso anche il territorio italiano raggiungendo pure quello locale. 

I danni che compie l’insetto sono molto evidenti: provoca la formazione di galle, cioè ingrossamenti di varie forme e dimensioni, a carico di gemme, foglie e amenti del castagno con notevoli danni per l’ecosistema a discapito di molte famiglie che da queste parti vivono di agricoltura.

Un forte attacco di quest’insetto può determinare un consistente calo della produzione, una riduzione dello sviluppo vegetativo e un forte deperimento delle piante colpite.

Accertato l’insuccesso della lotta chimica per combatterlo, l’unico per cercare di contenerlo, e non debellarlo, è il lancio del torymus Sinensis, il suo antagonista naturale.

È specificatamente un parassita degli stadi larvali del cinipide, il suo ciclo biologico si svolge nell’arco di un anno ed ha una vita piuttosto lunga (circa 30 gg), durante al quale si nutre di sostanze zuccherine.

In primavera la femmina di Torymus sinensis, dopo l’accoppiamento, depone le uova all’interno delle galle del cinipide  mediante l’ovodepositore; la larva che nasce dalle uova si nutre delle larve del proprio ospite dall’esterno (ectoparassitismo).

Il parassitoide sverna come pupa, e l’adulto sfarfalla infine la primavera successiva all’ovodeposizione dalle galle del cinipide ormai secche e vecchie di un anno; il Torymus sinensis svolge quindi una generazione annua.

L’ospite primario di T. sinensis, è uno dei pochi cinipidi galligeni non associati al genere Overcus; questo fitofago, originario della Cina, attacca i castagni provocando la formazione di galle che inglobano i nuovi germogli (foglie e fiori) e compromettendo gravemente la produzione dei frutti. Recenti ricerche hanno dimostrato l’esistenza di una parte di popolazione che entra in diapausa prolungata e sfarfalla alla seconda primavera dopo l’ovodeposizione.

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