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Stampa Stampa
18

“OSSIGENO ILLEGALE”, NICOLA GRATTERI AL MASTER IN INTELLIGENCE DELL’UNICAL


Approfondito il tema “Come le mafie approfittano della crisi Covid”

di REDAZIONE

RENDE (CS)  – 7 MARZO 2021 – Nicola Gratteri Procuratore della Repubblica di Catanzaro e Saggista, ha tenuto una lezione dal titolo “Ossigeno Illegale. Come le Mafie approfittano della crisi del Covid-19” nel corso del Master in Intelligence dell’Università della Calabria, diretto da Mario Caligiuri.

Gratteri ha esordito affermando che nella lotta alle mafie è necessario avere un sistema penale unico in tutta Europa.

“Oggi, infatti, le mafie investono sempre di più all’estero, in paesi ricchi come la Germania, la Francia, la Svizzera ma anche nei Paesi dell’Est Europa, dove si stanno investendo consistenti fondi europei.

Il problema dell’espansione delle mafie non riguarda solo il nostro Paese ma coinvolge tutto il mondo occidentale e l’economia globalizzata. Tuttavia molti Paesi Europei sono restii ad adottare una legislazione antimafia più forte.

In primo luogo perché non considerano un vero allarme le mafie; in secondo luogo perché un sistema giudiziario più pervasivo potrebbe minare la privacy dei loro cittadini, e per alcuni Stati questo non è immaginabile; in terzo luogo una legislazione più rigorosa, ad esempio, sul riciclaggio di denaro, potrebbe limitare i commerci e gli affari.

L’Italia- ha affermato – nonostante abbia uno dei sistemi normativi più evoluti del mondo nel contrasto alla mafia ed una conoscenza molto approfondita del fenomeno, non riesce ad essere incisiva in Europa per fare adottare una legislazione antimafia omogenea, che sia più incisiva nel contrasto alle mafie.

“Abbiamo grandi difficoltà – ha ribadito- ad essere ascoltati su questo tema fondamentale in Europa. Significativa è la circostanza, ad esempio, che le sedi dell’Eurojust,dell’Europol e dell’Interpol siano in Olanda”.

“Oggi – ha detto Gratteri- le mafie non si manifestano all’opinione pubblica e vengono identificate solo da chi ha un rapporto diretto con esse ossia dalle forze dell’ordine, dai magistrati e dagli usurati: per tutti gli altri non esistono.

Per questa ragione il problema delle mafie non è nell’agenda politica, perché non crea allarmismo sociale.

La politica- ha spiegato – in genere si muove in funzione degli argomenti che i media di élite pongono all’attenzione in prima pagina dei quotidiani e nei titoli di testa dei telegiornali. Ed a volte il sistema mediatico diffonde notizie false che indeboliscono l’attività giudiziaria della magistratura”.

Gratteri ha poi suggerito una serie di riforme che servirebbero al nostro ordinamento giudiziario per meglio agire contro le mafie.

“Credo – ha detto – che sia arrivato il momento di creare una specializzazione per i magistrati e per le forze di polizia. Occorre potenziare gli uffici delle indagini preliminari e porvi a capo magistrati attivi e brillanti.

Per quanto riguarda la polizia giudiziaria, in particolare, andrebbe ridotta la scala gerarchica a livello burocratico, per renderla più snella e concentrarla nel lavoro sul territorio.

Sarebbe importante, inoltre, per le forze dell’ordine prolungare il tempo di durata dei corsi di aggiornamento che riguardano, ad esempio, le tecniche dell’affiancamento, del pedinamento, degli appostamenti e della stesura delle informative. Bisognerebbe investire maggiori risorse per consentire ai sottoufficiali delle forze dell’ordine il trasferimento presso altre sedi al fine di evitare che restino in uno stesso posto per lungo tempo.

Inoltre, è necessaria l’informatizzazione del sistema giudiziario perché ne riduce i costi e ne aumenta l’efficienza. E’ importante riflettere su questi argomenti- ha detto Gratteri- perché creare una legislazione più efficace e migliorare il funzionamento della giustizia sono condizioni indispensabili per persuadere che non è conveniente delinquere. Occorre quindi un sistema penale, investigativo e carcerario efficiente ed efficace.

A tal proposito ha ribadito che “agli ndranghetisti ed ai mafiosi detenuti è necessario presentare progetti credibili e convenienti. Per convincerli a collaborare con lo Stato non servono discorsi etici e morali ma è necessario che si instauri un sistema che non renda più conveniente delinquere.

Non basta tuttavia- ha affermato il Procuratore- cambiare solo le regole del gioco occorre anche molta generosità personale verso gli altri; occorre impegnarsi sempre di più. Evitare un approccio burocratico al problema e tenere conto che con la propria attività di magistrato, di operatore della giustizia e delle forze dell’ordine si incide sulla qualità della vita delle famiglie, delle persone, dei territori e delle istituzioni.

Parlando poi dei giudici Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino ha ricordato che si è giunti ad emetteresentenze definitive di condanna a carico di coloro che avevano partecipato alle stragi di Capaci e Via D’Amelio, per il lavoro incessante e serio svolto da grandi investigatori e grandi magistrati.

“L’ omicidio di Falcone- ha detto-era imprevedibile perché da anni non era in prima linea. Mentre, forse, la morte di Borsellino poteva essere evitata. Sia Falcone che Borsellino si sono trovati di fronte ad una mafia violenta, rappresentata da Rina, che ha voluto lanciare un guanto di sfida, perché voleva dettare l’agenda allo Stato che ha reagito con forza”.

A questo proposito ha detto ancora Gratteri “è bene ricordare che per proteggere i magistrati non basta solo la scorta. Altrettanto importante è la condivisione e la sinergia con gli altri apparati dello Stato.

La lotta ed il contrasto ai fenomeni mafiosi non è un derby tra magistrati da un lato e mafia, ndrangheta e camorra dall’altro ma riguarda tutte le Istituzioni della Repubblica, che nei momenti importanti devono fare squadra, dimostrando una visione e una strategia comune”.

Ha ricordato poi che i rapporti tra Ndrangheta, Cosa nostra e Camorra risalgono al XIX secolo quando nel carcere di Favignana venivano reclusi gli esponenti di queste tre consorterie malavitose e si realizzavano i primi scambi anche linguistici.

Per esempio, i termini “picciotto” e “camorrista” nascono all’interno della camorra e poi vengono adattati ed utilizzati rispettivamente dalla mafia siciliana e dalla ‘ndrangheta.

“Quello mafioso – ha concluso Gratteri – è un fenomeno storico e per contrastarlo efficacemente abbiamo bisogno anche della politica ed in particolare di grandi politici, che siano in grado di disegnare scenari nuovi ed adottare strategie visionarie e lungimiranti”.

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