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Stampa Stampa
37

PRESERRE (CZ) – GIORNALISMO, UNA PROFESSIONE IN CRISI


Il giornalismo in Italia non sta attraversando un bel periodo. Ecco la presentazione del rapporto annuale di Lsdi redatto dal consigliere nazionale Pino Rea

Fonte: OG INFORMAZIONE  

PRESERRE (CZ) – 23 FEBBRAIO 2017 – Il lavoro autonomo rappresenta ormai il 65,5% dell’ attività professionale dei 50.674 giornalisti iscritti all’ Inpgi (su 103.295 iscritti all’  Ordine alla fine del 2015, esclusi stranieri ed elenco speciale), ma oltre otto free lance su 10 (l’ 82,7%) ricavano meno di 10.000 euro lordi all’ anno per il loro lavoro.

Sono alcuni dei dati contenuti nel Rapporto sulla professione giornalistica relativo al 2015, curato, come negli anni scorsi, da Pino Rea, che è stato presentato ieri mattina alla Fnsi.

La crisi della professione – osserva il Rapporto di quest’ anno -va di pari passo con la crisi del settore dell’editoria in Italia. E quello che potrebbe essere un antidoto alla emorragia di posti di lavoro, ovvero il giornalismo nativo digitale, appare ancora un fenomeno di difficile definizione’’.

Come ha rilevato infatti recentemente uno studio di Mediobanca in cinque anni – dal 2011 al 2015 – i nove maggiori gruppi editoriali italiani – cui fanno capo i principali quotidiani del paese –  hanno perso il 32,6% del fatturato (-1,8 miliardi), cumulato perdite nette per 2 miliardi e ridotto la forza lavoro di oltre 4.500 unità, scendendo a 13.090 dipendenti totali (da 17.645 del 2011)[1]. Mentre nello stesso periodo le vendite di quotidiani sono scese di un milione di copie: da 2,8 a 1,8 milioni totali (-34%).

Di questi 4.500 dipendenti quanti sono i giornalisti? Il Rapporto di Mediobanca non lo precisa, ma basandosi sui dati Inpgi si desume che i rapporti di lavoro registrati nel segmento dei quotidiani fra il 2011 e il 2015 sono calati di 1.151 unità, passando da 7.326 a 6.175, con una diminuzione del  15,7%.
Come segnalavamo anche nel Rapporto relativo al 2014, il peso dei segmenti giornalistici tradizionali – quotidiani, periodici e Rai – continua intanto a calare: a fine 2015 era pari al 58,4%, rispetto al 76% del 2000.

L’ occupazione cresce nelle aziende private (+7,7%) e nelle radio e tv nazionali (+4,9%), mentre cala in maniera rilevante in tutti gli altri settori.  Mancano però dati sull’ evoluzione e il peso dell’ editoria giornalistica digitale ‘’nativa’’, quella cioè che non fa capo a testate tradizionali e che potrebbe aver assorbito almeno una parte dei giornalisti ‘’espulsi’’ dalle grandi testate.

Se il lavoro autonomo cresce quantitativamente (sia numericamente che in percentuale) continua a restare molto rilevante il divario in termini di reddito rispetto al lavoro dipendente, anche se la forbice nel 2015 si è lievemente ristretta. Il reddito medio da lavoro autonomo resta nettamente inferiore al 20% rispetto a quello subordinato, ma la percentuale sale dal 17,9% del 2014 al 18,5% del 2015. In ogni caso un giornalista autonomo guadagna in media 5,4 volte meno di un suo collega subordinato (7,2 volte inferiore nel segmento dei ‘’liberi professionisti’’ e 4,3 volte inferiore fra i co.co.co.).

Inoltre la retribuzione media del lavoro autonomo ha registrato un lieve calo, passando da 11.451 euro del 2014 a 11.241 euro nel 2015 (meno 1,8%). Tra l’ altro è fortemente cresciuto nel 2015 il numero degli iscritti all’ Inpgi2 con reddito zero: più 11,7%, da 16.830 a 18.806. In pratica, poco più di un giornalista autonomo su 2 (il 54,3%) denuncia un reddito superiore allo zero. Fra di essi per 1.266  ‘’liberi professionisti’’ su un totale di 13.949 e per 1.473 Co.co.co su 8.433 il reddito era comunque pari o inferiore a 650 euro l’ anno.  Rispettivamente il 9,1% e il 17,5% ( nel 2014 erano rispettivamente l’ 8,6% e il 16,3%). Un ulteriore segnale di impoverimento del lavoro autonomo.
Globalmente, nel 2015 più di 8 lavoratori autonomi su dieci (l’ 82,7%) dichiaravano redditi inferiori a 10.000 euro annui.

La crisi – è stato osservato nel corso della presentazione – era stata confermata anche dalla presidente dell’Inpgi, Marina Macelloni, nella relazione al bilancio 2015 dell’istituto. E ieri anche dal presidente di Casagit, Daniele Cerrato. «C’è un segnale di rallentamento della crisi, ma non c’è ancora un segnale di ripresa», ha osservato  Cerrato. E se il bilancio della Cassa torna in attivo nel 2016, dopo due esercizi in passivo, «pesano ancora molto – ha ribadito – i crediti non esigibili nei confronti di 400 aziende morose sulle circa 1400 iscritte».

Alcuni dati positivi cominciano a registrarsi, ma non bastano a dare l’impressione che la “tempesta perfetta” che il settore e la professione hanno dovuto fronteggiare sia già alle spalle. «Difficile cogliere inversioni di tendenza mentre le aziende si accingono a chiudere gli stati di crisi avviati negli anni scorsi», ha rilevato il segretario generale della Fnsi, Raffaele Lorusso.

Che, a proposito del settore digitale, ha ricordato l’accordo tra Fnsi e Uspi per allargare alla platea dei giornalisti che lavorano nel settore dell’online le garanzie di un contratto di lavoro dipendente: «Bisogna prendere atto che l’organizzazione del lavoro in quelle aziende non è paragonabile a quello di realtà più strutturate. L’intenzione è rendere loro più sostenibile il costo del lavoro, rendendolo compatibile con le dimensioni di un mercato ancora in fase embrionale, e obbligarle al contempo a regolarizzare i giornalisti, con tutto quello che questo comporta in termini di retribuzioni, previdenza e assistenza.

Un primo passo in questa direzione è stato fatto e in alcune regioni comincia a dare dei risultati».

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